A healthy spine has a slight curve, where this curve serves to resist pressure and aid in body movement. However, like any other part of the body, a number of conditions and diseases of the spine can affect these bones, which can damage the spine, cause pain, and limit a person's mobility.
Various diseases of the spine can affect the spine, from the neck to the lower back. Some of the many diseases of the spine are:
Degenerative conditions of the spine and discs:
A herniated disc occurs when one of the disks being cushioned between the 26 vertebrae ruptures, causing the jelly-like substance it contains to leak, and hitting the spinal cord or nearby nerves. These disc problems can cause sciatica, back pain, and weakness.
Spinal stenosis is a narrowing in the spine that puts pressure on the spinal cord and nerves. This condition can occur in the neck (cervical spine stenosis), the middle of the spine (thoracic stenosis), or the lower spine (lumbar stenosis). Spinal stenosis can be caused by injuries and diseases such as osteoarthritis and scoliosis.
Causes of Spinal Disease
Spinal disorders have many causes, depending on the specific condition. For some conditions, the cause is unknown. Common causes include:
- Accidents or falls
- Congenital disorders
- Inflammation
- Infection
- Injuries, ranging from minor to traumatic
- Degenerative damage due to aging
Symptoms of Spinal Disease
Signs and symptoms depend on the specific spinal disorder and often affect other parts of the body, depending on the area of the spine or spinal cord that is affected. Common symptoms include:
- Abnormally rounded shoulders or back
- Back or neck pain that can be stabbing, painful, or burning
- Bladder or bowel dysfunction
- Nausea and / or vomiting
- Pain radiating down the arm or leg
- Stiffness or tightness
- An uneven appearance, such as one shoulder or hip higher than the other
- Laxity, numbness, or tingling in the arms or legs